《数据安全法》英文版及中英对照版！

2021年6月10日，《中华人民共和国数据安全法》由中华人民共和国第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议于2021年6月10日通过，并予以公布，自2021年9月1日起施行。

《数据安全法》是数据法的最重要的基础性法律之一，也具有域外效力。为了促进数据保护方面的国际交流与合作，推动与其他国家、地区、国际组织之间的数据保护规则、标准等的互认，基于此，DataLaws成立本译组，专门对《数据安全法》进行全文翻译，期待为数据法实务界及理论界的各位同仁提供参考。

以下是《数据安全法》中英文对照版本 ：

备注：

1.  红色：新增、修改（最终稿）

2.  蓝色：被修改（二审稿）

3.  黄色：删除

数据安全法（二次审议稿）	数据安全法（最终稿）
Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China (Second Deliberation  Draft)	Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China (Final )
第一章 总则 Chapter I: General Provisions 第二章 数据安全与发展 Chapter  II: Data Security and Development 第三章 数据安全制度 Chapter  III: Data Security Systems 第四章 数据安全保护义务 Chapter IV: Data  Security Protection Obligations 第五章 政务数据安全与开放 Chapter  V: Government Affairs Data Security and Disclosure 第六章 法律责任 Chapter VI:  Legal Responsibility 第七章 附则 Chapter VII: Supplementary Provisions	第一章 总则 Chapter I: General Provisions 第二章 数据安全与发展 Chapter  II: Data Security and Development 第三章 数据安全制度 Chapter  III: Data Security Systems 第四章 数据安全保护义务 Chapter IV: Data  Security Protection Obligations 第五章 政务数据安全与开放 Chapter  V: Government Affairs Data Security and Disclosure 第六章 法律责任 Chapter VI:  Legal Responsibility 第七章 附则 Chapter VII: Supplementary Provisions
第一章总则	第一章 总则
Chapter I: General Provisions	Chapter I: General Provisions
第一条 为了规范数据处理活动，保障数据安全，促进数据开发利用，保护个人、组织的合法权益，维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，制定本法。	第一条 为了规范数据处理活动，保障数据安全，促进数据开发利用，保护个人、组织的合法权益，维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，制定本法。
Article 1: This  Law is formulated so as to regulate the handling of data, ensure data  security, promote the development and exploitation of data, protect the  legitimate rights and interests of citizens and organizations, and preserve  state sovereignty, security, and development interests.	Article 1: This Law is formulated so as to regulate the handling of data,  ensure data security, promote the development and exploitation of data,  protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and organizations,  and preserve state sovereignty, security, and development interests.
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内开展数据处理活动及其安全监管，适用本法。 在中华人民共和国境外开展数据处理活动，损害中华人民共和国国家安全、公共利益或者公民、组织合法权益的，依法追究法律责任。	第二条 在中华人民共和国境内开展数据处理活动及其安全监管，适用本法。 在中华人民共和国境外开展数据处理活动，损害中华人民共和国国家安全、公共利益或者公民、组织合法权益的，依法追究法律责任。
Article 2: This law shall  apply to data handling activities and security regulation carried out within  the [mainland] territory of the People’s Republic of China. Data handling  activities carried out outside the [mainland] territory of the P.R.C. that  harming the national security of the P.R.C., the public interest, or the  lawful rights and interests of citizens and organizations, are to be pursued  for legal responsibility in accordance with law.	Article 2: This law shall  apply to data handling activities and security regulation carried out within  the [mainland] territory of the People’s Republic of China. Data handling  activities carried out outside the [mainland] territory of the P.R.C. that  harming the national security of the P.R.C., the public interest, or the  lawful rights and interests of citizens and organizations, are to be pursued  for legal responsibility in accordance with law.
第三条 本法所称数据，是指任何以电子或者非电子形式对信息的记录。 数据处理，包括数据的收集、存储、使用、加工、传输、提供、公开等。 数据安全，是指通过采取必要措施，确保数据处于有效保护和合法利用的状态，以及保障持续安全状态的能力。	第三条 本法所称数据，是指任何以电子或者其他方式对信息的记录。 数据处理，包括数据的收集、存储、使用、加工、传输、提供、公开等。 数据安全，是指通过采取必要措施，确保数据处于有效保护和合法利用的状态，以及具备保障持续安全状态的能力。
Article 3: "Data"  as used in this Law refers to any record of information in electronic or  other forms. Data handling  includes the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision,  disclosure, etc., of data. Data security  refers to employing necessary measures to ensure that data is effectively  protected and legally used, as well as the capacity to ensure a sustained  state of security.	Article 3: "Data"  as used in this Law refers to any record of information in electronic or  other forms. Data handling  includes the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure,  etc., of data. Data security  refers to employing necessary measures to ensure that data is effectively  protected and legally used, as well ashavingthe capacity to ensure a sustained state of security.
第四条 维护数据安全，应当坚持总体国家安全观，建立健全数据安全治理体系，提高数据安全保障能力。	第四条 维护数据安全，应当坚持总体国家安全观，建立健全数据安全治理体系，提高数据安全保障能力。
Article 4: The  preservation of data security shall adhere to the overall national security  perspective, establish and complete data security governance systems, and  improve data secure guarantee ability.	Article 4: The preservation of data security shall adhere to the overall  national security perspective, establish and complete data security  governance systems, and improve data secure guarantee ability.
第五条 国家保护个人、组织与数据有关的权益，鼓励数据依法合理有效利用，保障数据依法有序自由流动，促进以数据为关键要素的数字经济发展。	第五条 中央国家安全领导机构负责国家数据安全工作的决策和议事协调，研究制定、指导实施国家数据安全战略和有关重大方针政策，统筹协调国家数据安全的重大事项和重要工作，建立国家数据安全工作协调机制。
Article 5: The State is to  protect the rights and interests of individuals and organizations with  regards to data; encourage the lawful, reasonable, and effective use of data;  ensure the lawful and orderly free flow of data; and promote the development  of a digital economy with data as a key factor.	Article 5: The central  leading group on national security is responsible for major decision  making and overall coordination on data security, and is to research, draft,  and guidance on the  implementation of a national data security strategy and major directives and  policies,coordination of major  matters and important work of national data security, and establishment of a  national data security work coordination mechanism.
第六条 中央国家安全领导机构负责数据安全工作的决策和统筹协调，研究制定、指导实施国家数据安全战略和有关重大方针政策。	第六条 各地区、各部门对本地区、本部门工作中收集和产生的数据及数据安全负责。 工业、电信、交通、金融、自然资源、卫生健康、教育、科技等主管部门承担本行业、本领域数据安全监管职责。 公安机关、国家安全机关等依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，在各自职责范围内承担数据安全监管职责。 国家网信部门依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，负责统筹协调网络数据安全和相关监管工作。
Article 6: The central leading group on  national security is responsible for major decision making and overall  coordination on data security, and is to research, draft, and guide the  implementation of a national data security strategy and major directives and  policies.	Article 6: Each  region and department bearsresponsibility for that region  or department's efforts on data collection and production, as well as  data security. Regulatory departments such as for industry,  telecommunications, communications, finance, natural resources, health,  education, science and technology are to undertake data security regulatory  duties in the corresponding sector. Public security organs, state security organs, and  so forth are to undertake data security regulation duties within the scope of  their duties in accordance with the provisions of this Law, relevant laws,  and administrative regulations. The State internet information  departments are to take responsibility for the overall coordination of online  data security and relevant regulatory efforts in accordance with this Law,  relevant laws, and administrative regulations.
第七条 各地区、各部门对本地区、本部门工作中产生、汇总、加工的数据及数据安全负主体责任。 工业、电信、交通、金融、自然资源、卫生健康、教育、科技等主管部门承担本行业、本领域数据安全监管职责。 公安机关、国家安全机关等依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，在各自职责范围内承担数据安全监管职责。 国家网信部门依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，负责统筹协调网络数据安全和相关监管工作。	第七条 国家保护个人、组织与数据有关的权益，鼓励数据依法合理有效利用，保障数据依法有序自由流动，促进以数据为关键要素的数字经济发展。
Article 7: Each  region and department bears primary responsibility for that region or  department's efforts on data production, aggregation, and processing, as well  as data security. Regulatory  departments such as for industry, telecommunications, communications,  finance, natural resources, health, education, science and technology are to  undertake data security regulatory duties in the corresponding sector. Public security  organs, state security organs, and so forth are to undertake data security  regulation duties within the scope of their duties in accordance with the  provisions of this Law,relevant laws, and administrative  regulations. The State internet information departments are to take  responsibility for the overall coordination of online data security and  relevant regulatory efforts in accordance with this Law, relevant laws, and  administrative regulations.	Article 7: The State is to  protect the rights and interests of individuals and organizations with  regards to data; encourage the lawful, reasonable, and effective use of data;  ensure the lawful and orderly free flow of data; and promote the development  of a digital economy with data as a key factor.
第八条 开展数据处理活动，应当遵守法律、法规，尊重社会公德和伦理，遵守商业道德，诚实守信，履行数据安全保护义务，承担社会责任，不得危害国家安全、公共利益，不得损害个人、组织的合法权益。	第八条 开展数据处理活动，应当遵守法律、法规，尊重社会公德和伦理，遵守商业道德和职业道德，诚实守信，履行数据安全保护义务，承担社会责任，不得危害国家安全、公共利益，不得损害个人、组织的合法权益。
Article 8: The  carrying out of data handling activities shall obey laws and regulations, respect  social mores and ethics, comply with commercial ethics, be honest and  trustworthy, perform obligations to protect data security, and undertake  social responsibility; it must not endanger national security, the public  interest, or individuals' and organizations' lawful rights and interests.	Article 8: The carrying out of data handling activities shall obey laws and  regulations, respect social mores and ethics, comply with commercial ethicsand professional ethics, be honest and trustworthy, perform obligations to protect data  security, and undertake social responsibility; it must not endanger national  security, the public interest, or individuals' and organizations' lawful  rights and interests.
第九条 国家建立健全数据安全协作机制，推动有关部门、行业组织、企业、个人等共同参与数据安全保护工作，形成全社会共同维护数据安全和促进发展的良好环境。	第九条 国家支持开展数据安全知识宣传普及，提高全社会的数据安全保护意识和水平，推动有关部门、行业组织、科研机构、企业、个人等共同参与数据安全保护工作，形成全社会共同维护数据安全和促进发展的良好环境。
Article 9: The state is to establish and complete data security  coordination mechanisms, pushing relevant  departments, industry organizations, enterprises, and individuals to jointly  participate in efforts to protect data security, and forming a positive  environment for the entire society to jointly preserve data security and  promote development.	Article 9: The state is to support the dissemination of data security  knowledge, raising the awareness and level of data security protection of the  whole society, pushing relevant  departments, industry organizations, enterprises, and individuals to jointly  participate in efforts to protect data security, and forming a positive  environment for the entire society to jointly preserve data security and  promote development.
第十条 相关行业组织按照章程，制定数据安全行为规范，加强行业自律，指导会员加强数据安全保护，提高数据安全保护水平，促进行业健康发展。	第十条 相关行业组织按照章程，依法制定数据安全行为规范和团体标准，加强行业自律，指导会员加强数据安全保护，提高数据安全保护水平，促进行业健康发展。
Article 10: In  accordance with their charters, relevant industry organizations are to draft  specifications for data security activities, strengthen industry  self-discipline, guide members to strengthen data security protections,  increase the level of data security protections, and promote the healthy  development of the industry.	Article 10: In accordance with their chartersand the law, relevant industry  organizations are to draft specifications and group standards for data security  activities, strengthen industry self-discipline, guide members to strengthen  data security protections, increase the level of data security protections,  and promote the healthy development of the industry.
第十一条 国家积极开展数据领域国际交流与合作，参与数据安全相关国际规则和标准的制定，促进数据跨境安全、自由流动。	第十一条 国家积极开展数据安全治理、数据开发利用等领域的国际交流与合作，参与数据安全相关国际规则和标准的制定，促进数据跨境安全、自由流动。
Article 11: The  state is to actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in the  data sector, participate in the formulation of international rules and  standards related to data security, and promote the safe and free flow of  data across borders.	Article 11: The state is to actively carry out international exchanges and  cooperation in the sectors of data security  governance and data development and use, participate in the formulation of international rules and  standards related to data security, and promote the safe and free flow of  data across borders.
第十二条 任何个人、组织都有权对违反本法规定的行为向有关主管部门投诉、举报。收到投诉、举报的部门应当及时依法处理。	第十二条 任何个人、组织都有权对违反本法规定的行为向有关主管部门投诉、举报。收到投诉、举报的部门应当及时依法处理。 有关主管部门应当对投诉、举报人的相关信息予以保密，保护投诉、举报人的合法权益。
Article 12: Every  individual and organization has the right to make complaints or reports about  violations of this law to the relevant authorities.Departments  receiving complaints or reports shall handle them promptly in accordance with  law.	Article 12: Every individual and organization has the right to make  complaints or reports about violations of this law to the relevant  authorities.Departments receiving complaints or reports shall handle them  promptly in accordance with law. The relevant authorities shall keep relevant information of  complaints, whistleblowers to be confidential, and protect the legitimate  rights and interests of complaints, whistleblowers.
第二章 数据安全与发展	第二章 数据安全与发展
Chapter  II: Data Security and Development	Chapter  II: Data Security and Development
第十三条 国家统筹发展和安全，坚持保障数据安全与促进数据开发利用并重，以数据开发利用和产业发展促进数据安全，以数据安全保障数据开发利用和产业发展。	第十三条 国家统筹发展和安全，坚持以数据开发利用和产业发展促进数据安全，以数据安全保障数据开发利用和产业发展。
Article 13: The  state is to make overall plans for development and security, persisting in giving equal emphasis on ensuring data  security and promoting the development and use of data; using the development and use of data and industry development  to promote data security, and using data security to ensure the development  and use of data and industry development.	Article 13: The  state is to make overall plans for development and security, persisting in onusing  the development and use of data and industry development to promote data  security, and using data security to ensure the development and use of data  and industry development.
第十四条 国家实施大数据战略，推进数据基础设施建设，鼓励和支持数据在各行业、各领域的创新应用。 县级以上人民政府应当将数字经济发展纳入本级国民经济和社会发展规划，并根据需要制定数字经济发展规划。	第十四条 国家实施大数据战略，推进数据基础设施建设，鼓励和支持数据在各行业、各领域的创新应用。 省级以上人民政府应当将数字经济发展纳入本级国民经济和社会发展规划，并根据需要制定数字经济发展规划。
Article 14: The  state is to implement a big data strategy, advancing the establishment of  data infrastructure, and encouraging and supporting innovative applications  of data in each industry and field. People's governments at the county level  or higher shall include the development of the digital economy in the  people's economic and social development plans for that level, and draft  development plans for the digital economy as needed.	Article 14:The state is to implement a big data strategy, advancing the  establishment of data infrastructure, and encouraging and supporting  innovative applications of data in each industry and field. People's governments at the provincelevel or higher shall  include the development of the digital economy in the people's economic and  social development plans for that level, and draft development plans for the  digital economy as needed.
	第十五条 国家支持开发利用数据提升公共服务的智能化水平。提供智能化公共服务，应当充分考虑老年人、残疾人的需求，避免对老年人、残疾人的日常生活造成障碍。
	Article 15:The state is to support the development and use of data to enhance the  intelligence of public services. The provision of intelligent public services  shall take full account of the needs of the elderly and the disabled, and  avoid creating obstacles to their daily lives.
第十五条 国家支持数据开发利用和数据安全技术研究，鼓励数据开发利用和数据安全等领域的技术推广和商业创新，培育、发展数据开发利用和数据安全产品和产业体系。	第十六条 国家支持数据开发利用和数据安全技术研究，鼓励数据开发利用和数据安全等领域的技术推广和商业创新，培育、发展数据开发利用和数据安全产品、产业体系。
Article 15: The  state is to support research into data use and development and data security techniques,  encourage the spread and commercial innovation in areas such as the use and  development of data and data security, to foster and develop the use and  development of data, data security products, and industrial systems.	Article 16: The  state is to support research into data use and development and data security  techniques, encourage the spread and commercial innovation in areas such as  the use and development of data and data security, to foster and develop the  use and development of data, data security products, and industrial systems.
第十六条 国家推进数据开发利用技术和数据安全标准体系建设。国务院标准化行政主管部门和国务院有关部门根据各自的职责，组织制定并适时修订有关数据开发利用技术、产品和数据安全相关标准。国家支持企业、社会团体和教育、科研机构等参与标准制定。	第十七条 国家推进数据开发利用技术和数据安全标准体系建设。国务院标准化行政主管部门和国务院有关部门根据各自的职责，组织制定并适时修订有关数据开发利用技术、产品和数据安全相关标准。国家支持企业、社会团体和教育、科研机构等参与标准制定。
Article 16: The  state is to advance the establishment of a system of standards for data  development and exploitation technologies and data security.Within  the scope of their respective duties, the State Council departments in charge  of standardization and other relevant State Council departments are to  organize the formulation and appropriate revision of standards related to  technology and products for the development and use of data and to data  security. The state is to support enterprises and social groups,  educational or research bodies, and so forth, participating in drafting  standards.	Article 17: The state is to advance the establishment of a system of  standards for data development and exploitation technologies and data  security.Within the scope of their respective duties,  the State Council departments in charge of standardization and other relevant  State Council departments are to organize the formulation and appropriate  revision of standards related to technology and products for the development  and use of data and to data security. The state is to support  enterprises and social groups, educational or research bodies, and so forth,  participating in drafting standards.
第十七条 国家促进数据安全检测评估、认证等服务的发展，支持数据安全检测评估、认证等专业机构依法开展服务活动。	第十八条 国家促进数据安全检测评估、认证等服务的发展，支持数据安全检测评估、认证等专业机构依法开展服务活动。 国家支持有关部门、行业组织、企业、教育和科研机构、有关专业机构等在数据安全风险评估、防范、处置等方面开展协作。
Article 17: The  state is to promote the development of services such as data security  testing, appraisals, and certification, and support professional institutions  to carry out data security testing, appraisals, and certification service  activities.	Article 18: The  state is to promote the development of services such as data security  testing, appraisals, and certification, and support professional institutions  to carry out data security testing, appraisals, and certification service  activities. The state is to support  collaboration among relevant departments, industry organizations,  enterprises, educational and scientific research institutions, and relevant  professional institutions in data security risk assessment, prevention, and  disposal.
第十八条 国家建立健全数据交易管理制度，规范数据交易行为，培育数据交易市场。	第十九条 国家建立健全数据交易管理制度，规范数据交易行为，培育数据交易市场。
Article 18: The  state is to establish and complete systems for data transactions and  management, regulating data transaction conduct, and fostering the data  transaction market.	Article 19: The  state is to establish and complete systems for data transactions and  management, regulating data transaction conduct, and fostering the data  transaction market.
第十九条 国家支持高等学校、中等职业学校、科研机构和企业等开展数据开发利用技术和数据安全相关教育和培训，采取多种方式培养数据开发利用技术和数据安全专业人才，促进人才交流。	第二十条 国家支持教育、科研机构和企业等开展数据开发利用技术和数据安全相关教育和培训，采取多种方式培养数据开发利用技术和数据安全专业人才，促进人才交流。
Article 19: The  State is to support schools  of higher education, secondary vocational schools,  research institutions, enterprises, and so forth, in carrying out education  and training related to data use and development and data security, employing  diverse methods to cultivate professional data use and development and data  security talent, and promote talent exchanges.	Article 20: The  State is to support education, research institutions, enterprises, and so forth, in carrying  out education and training related to data use and development and data  security, employing diverse methods to cultivate professional data use and  development and data security talent, and promote talent exchanges.
第三章 数据安全制度	第三章 数据安全制度
Chapter  III: Data Security Systems	Chapter  III: Data Security Systems
第二十条 国家建立数据分类分级保护制度，根据数据在经济社会发展中的重要程度，以及一旦遭到篡改、破坏、泄露或者非法获取、非法利用，对国家安全、公共利益或者公民、组织合法权益造成的危害程度，对数据实行分类分级保护，并确定重要数据目录，加强对重要数据的保护。 各地区、各部门应当按照数据分类分级保护制度，确定本地区、本部门以及相关行业、领域的重要数据具体目录，对列入目录的数据进行重点保护。	第二十一条 国家建立数据分类分级保护制度，根据数据在经济社会发展中的重要程度，以及一旦遭到篡改、破坏、泄露或者非法获取、非法利用，对国家安全、公共利益或者个人、组织合法权益造成的危害程度，对数据实行分类分级保护。国家数据安全工作协调机制统筹协调有关部门制定重要数据目录，加强对重要数据的保护。关系国家安全、国民经济命脉、重要民生、重大公共利益等数据属于国家核心数据，实行更加严格的管理制度。 各地区、各部门应当按照数据分类分级保护制度，确定本地区、本部门以及相关行业、领域的重要数据具体目录，对列入目录的数据进行重点保护。
Article 20: The  state is to establish a categorical and hierarchical system for data  protection and carry out categorized and graded data protections based on the  importance of the data in economic and social development as well as the  extent of harm to national security, the public interest, or the lawful  rights and interests of citizens or organizations that would be caused once  the data is altered, destroyed, leaked, or illegally obtained or used, and also determine a catalog of  important data and strengthen protections of the important data. Each region and department shall  determine the catalog of important data within that region and department and  corresponding industries and sectors on the basis of the categorical and  hierarchical protection system, and conduct key protection for data entered  in the catalog.	Article 21: The  state is to establish a categorical and hierarchical system for data  protection and carry out categorized and graded data protections based on the  importance of the data in economic and social development as well as the  extent of harm to national security, the public interest, or the lawful  rights and interests of citizens or organizations that would be caused once  the data is altered, destroyed, leaked, or illegally obtained or used. The national data security coordination mechanism coordinates the  relevant departments to determine a catalog of important data and strengthen  protections of the important data. Data related to national security, the  lifeblood of the national economy, important people's livelihood, major  public interests and others belong to the national core data, shall apply to  a more stringent management system. Each region and department shall  determine the catalog of important data within that region and department and  corresponding industries and sectors on the basis of the categorical and hierarchical  protection system, and conduct key protection for data entered in the  catalog.
第二十一条 国家建立集中统一、高效权威的数据安全风险评估、报告、信息共享、监测预警机制，加强数据安全风险信息的获取、分析、研判、预警工作。	第二十二条 国家建立集中统一、高效权威的数据安全风险评估、报告、信息共享、监测预警机制。国家数据安全工作协调机制统筹协调有关部门加强数据安全风险信息的获取、分析、研判、预警工作。
Article 21: The  state is to establish a uniform, highly effective, and authoritative data  security risk assessment, reporting, information sharing, monitoring, and  early warning system to strengthen the acquisition, analyses, assessment, and  early warnings for information on data security risks.	Article 22: The  state is to establish a uniform, highly effective, and authoritative data  security risk assessment, reporting, information sharing, monitoring, and  early warning system. The national data security  coordination mechanism coordinates the relevant departments to strengthen the acquisition, analyses, assessment, and early  warnings for information on data security risks.
第二十二条 国家建立数据安全应急处置机制。发生数据安全事件，有关主管部门应当依法启动应急预案，采取相应的应急处置措施，防止危害扩大，消除安全隐患，并及时向社会发布与公众有关的警示信息。	第二十三条 国家建立数据安全应急处置机制。发生数据安全事件，有关主管部门应当依法启动应急预案，采取相应的应急处置措施，防止危害扩大，消除安全隐患，并及时向社会发布与公众有关的警示信息。
Article 22: The  state is to establish data security emergency response mechanisms.Relevant  regulatory departments shall initiate emergency response plans in accordance  with law when data security incidents occur, employing the corresponding  emergency response and handling measures to prevent the harm from increasing  and eliminate security risks, and promptly issue relevant alerts to the  public.	Article 23: The  state is to establish data security emergency response mechanisms.Relevant  regulatory departments shall initiate emergency response plans in accordance  with law when data security incidents occur, employing the corresponding  emergency response and handling measures to prevent the harm from increasing  and eliminate security risks, and promptly issue relevant alerts to the  public.
第二十三条 国家建立数据安全审查制度，对影响或者可能影响国家安全的数据处理活动进行国家安全审查。依法作出的安全审查决定为最终决定。	第二十四条 国家建立数据安全审查制度，对影响或者可能影响国家安全的数据处理活动进行国家安全审查。依法作出的安全审查决定为最终决定。
Article 23: The  state is to establish systems for data security reviews and conduct national  security reviews of data handling activities that impact or might impact  national security. Security review decisions made in accordance with law  are final decisions.	Article 24: The state is to establish systems for data security reviews and  conduct national security reviews of data handling activities that impact or  might impact national security. Security review decisions made in  accordance with law are final decisions.
第二十四条 国家对与维护国家安全和利益、履行国际义务相关的属于管制物项的数据依法实施出口管制。	第二十五条 国家对与维护国家安全和利益、履行国际义务相关的属于管制物项的数据依法实施出口管制。
Article 24: The state is to implement export controls in accordance  with law for data that are controlled items related to preserving national  security and performing international obligations.	Article 25 The state is to implement export controls in accordance  with law for data that are controlled items related to preserving national security  and performing international obligations.
第二十五条 任何国家或者地区在与数据和数据开发利用技术等有关的投资、贸易等方面对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者地区对等采取措施。	第二十六条 任何国家或者地区在与数据和数据开发利用技术等有关的投资、贸易等方面对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者地区对等采取措施。
Article 25: Where  any nation or region employs discriminatory, restrictive, or other similar  measures against the P.R.C in areas such as investment or trade in data and  technology for the exploitation and development of data, the P.R.C. may  employ equal measures against that nation or region based on the actual  circumstances.	Article 26: Where any nation or region employs discriminatory, restrictive,  or other similar measures against the P.R.C in areas such as investment or  trade in data and technology for the exploitation and development of data,  the P.R.C. may employ equal measures against that nation or region based on  the actual circumstances.
第四章 数据安全保护义务	第四章 数据安全保护义务
Chapter IV: Data  Security Protection Obligations	Chapter IV: Data  Security Protection Obligations
第二十六条 开展数据处理活动应当依照法律、法规的规定，在网络安全等级保护制度的基础上，建立健全全流程数据安全管理制度，组织开展数据安全教育培训，采取相应的技术措施和其他必要措施，保障数据安全。 重要数据的处理者应当明确数据安全负责人和管理机构，落实数据安全保护责任。	第二十七条 开展数据处理活动应当依照法律、法规的规定，建立健全全流程数据安全管理制度，组织开展数据安全教育培训，采取相应的技术措施和其他必要措施，保障数据安全。利用互联网等信息网络开展数据处理活动，应当在网络安全等级保护制度的基础上，履行上述数据安全保护义务。 重要数据的处理者应当明确数据安全负责人和管理机构，落实数据安全保护责任。
Article 26: The  carrying out of data handling activities shall be in accordance with laws and  regulations, establishing and completing data security management systems for  the entire process on  the basis of the multi-level protection system for cybersecurity, organizing and carrying out education on data security, and  employing corresponding technical measures and other necessary measures to  safeguard data security. Those processing important data shall  clearly designate persons responsible for data security and data security  management bodies to implement responsibilities for data security protection.	Article 27: The  carrying out of data handling activities shall be in accordance with laws and  regulations, establishing and completing data security management systems for  the entire process, organizing and carrying out education on data security,  and employing corresponding technical measures and other necessary measures  to safeguard data security. The carrying out of data  handling activities through information networks, i.e., the Internet, shall  fulfill the duties to protect data security on the basis of the multi-level  protection system for cybersecurity. Those processing important data shall  clearly designate persons responsible for data security and data security  management bodies to implement responsibilities for data security protection.
第二十七条 开展数据处理活动以及研究开发数据新技术，应当有利于促进经济社会发展，增进人民福祉，符合社会公德和伦理。	第二十八条 开展数据处理活动以及研究开发数据新技术，应当有利于促进经济社会发展，增进人民福祉，符合社会公德和伦理。
Article 27: The  carrying out of data handling activities as well as research into new  technology for developing data shall be conducive to promoting economic  development, improving the well-being of the people, and complying with  social mores and ethics.	Article 28: The  carrying out of data handling activities as well as research into new  technology for developing data shall be conducive to promoting economic  development, improving the well-being of the people, and complying with  social mores and ethics.
第二十八条 开展数据处理活动应当加强风险监测，发现数据安全缺陷、漏洞等风险时，应当立即采取补救措施；发生数据安全事件时，应当立即采取处置措施，按照规定及时告知用户并向有关主管部门报告。	第二十九条 开展数据处理活动应当加强风险监测，发现数据安全缺陷、漏洞等风险时，应当立即采取补救措施；发生数据安全事件时，应当立即采取处置措施，按照规定及时告知用户并向有关主管部门报告。
Article 28: The  carrying out of data handling activities shall strengthen risk monitoring,  and when data security flaws, vulnerabilities, or other risks are discovered,  remedial measures shall be immediately employed; and when data security  incidents occur, methods for addressing them shall be immediately employed,  users are to be promptly notified as provided, and reports are to be made to  the relevant regulatory departments.	Article 29: The  carrying out of data handling activities shall strengthen risk monitoring,  and when data security flaws, vulnerabilities, or other risks are discovered,  remedial measures shall be immediately employed; and when data security  incidents occur, methods for addressing them shall be immediately employed,  users are to be promptly notified as provided, and reports are to be made to  the relevant regulatory departments.
第二十九条 重要数据的处理者应当按照规定对其数据处理活动定期开展风险评估，并向有关主管部门报送风险评估报告。风险评估报告应当包括处理的重要数据的种类、数量，开展数据处理活动的情况，面临的数据安全风险及其应对措施等。	第三十条 重要数据的处理者应当按照规定对其数据处理活动定期开展风险评估，并向有关主管部门报送风险评估报告。风险评估报告应当包括处理的重要数据的种类、数量，开展数据处理活动的情况，面临的数据安全风险及其应对措施等。
Article 29: Those  handling important data shall follow periodically carry out risk assessments  of their data handling activities as provided, and send risk assessment  reports to the relevant regulatory departments. Risk assessment reports  shall include the types and amounts of important data being handled; the  circumstances of the data handling activities; the data risks faced, methods  for addressing them, and so forth.	Article 30: Those  handling important data shall follow periodically carry out risk assessments  of their data handling activities as provided, and send risk assessment  reports to the relevant regulatory departments. Risk assessment reports  shall include the types and amounts of important data being handled; the  circumstances of the data handling activities; the data risks faced, methods  for addressing them, and so forth.
第三十条关键信息基础设施的运营者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的重要数据的出境安全管理，适用《中华人民共和国网络安全法》的规定；其他数据处理者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的重要数据的出境安全管理办法，由国家网信部门会同国务院有关部门制定。	第三十一条 关键信息基础设施的运营者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的重要数据的出境安全管理，适用《中华人民共和国网络安全法》的规定；其他数据处理者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的重要数据的出境安全管理办法，由国家网信部门会同国务院有关部门制定。
Article 30: The  provisions of the Cybersecurity Law of the P.R.C. apply to the security  management for exporting of data from the [mainland] territory that was  collected or produced by critical information infrastructure operators inside  the [mainland] territory of the PRC; security management measures for the  export of important data from the mainland territory that was collected or  produced by other data handlers within the [mainland] territory of the PRC  are to be drafted by the State internet information department in conjunction  with the relevant departments of the State Council.	Article 31: The  provisions of the Cybersecurity Law of the P.R.C. apply to the security  management for exporting of data from the [mainland] territory that was  collected or produced by critical information infrastructure operators inside  the [mainland] territory of the PRC; security management measures for the  export of important data from the mainland territory that was collected or  produced by other data handlers within the [mainland] territory of the PRC  are to be drafted by the State internet information department in conjunction  with the relevant departments of the State Council.
第三十一条 任何组织、个人收集数据，应当采取合法、正当的方式，不得窃取或者以其他非法方式获取数据。 法律、行政法规对收集、使用数据的目的、范围有规定的，应当在法律、行政法规规定的目的和范围内收集、使用数据。	第三十二条 任何组织、个人收集数据，应当采取合法、正当的方式，不得窃取或者以其他非法方式获取数据。 法律、行政法规对收集、使用数据的目的、范围有规定的，应当在法律、行政法规规定的目的和范围内收集、使用数据。
Article 31: Any  organization or individual collecting data shall employ lawful and  appropriate methods and must not steal or obtain data through other illegal  methods. Where laws and administrative  regulations have provisions on the purpose or scope of data collection and  use, data is to be collected or used within the purpose and scope provided  for in those laws and administrative regulations.	Article 32: Any  organization or individual collecting data shall employ lawful and  appropriate methods and must not steal or obtain data through other illegal  methods. Where laws and administrative  regulations have provisions on the purpose or scope of data collection and  use, data is to be collected or used within the purpose and scope provided  for in those laws and administrative regulations.
第三十二条 从事数据交易中介服务的机构在提供交易中介服务时，应当要求数据提供方说明数据来源，审核交易双方的身份，并留存审核、交易记录。	第三十三条 从事数据交易中介服务的机构提供服务，应当要求数据提供方说明数据来源，审核交易双方的身份，并留存审核、交易记录。
Article 32: When institutions  engaged in data  transaction intermediary services provide those  services, they shall require the party providing data to explain the sources  of the data, verify the identities of both parties, and store a record of the  review and transaction.	Article 33: When  institutions engaged in data transaction intermediary services provide  services, they shall require the party providing data to explain the sources  of the data, verify the identities of both parties tothetranscation, and  store a record of the review and transaction.
第三十三条 法律、行政法规规定提供数据处理相关服务应当取得行政许可的，服务提供者应当依法取得许可。	第三十四条 法律、行政法规规定提供数据处理相关服务应当取得行政许可的，服务提供者应当依法取得许可。
Article 33: Where  laws and administrative regulations provide that permits shall be acquired  for the provision of services related to data handling, service provides  shall obtain permits in accordance with law.	Article 34: Where laws and  administrative regulations provide that administrative license shall be  acquired for the provision of services related to data handling, service  provides shall obtain administrative license in accordance with law.
第三十四条 公安机关、国家安全机关因依法维护国家安全或者侦查犯罪的需要调取数据，应当按照国家有关规定，经过严格的批准手续，依法进行，有关组织、个人应当予以配合。	第三十五条 公安机关、国家安全机关因依法维护国家安全或者侦查犯罪的需要调取数据，应当按照国家有关规定，经过严格的批准手续，依法进行，有关组织、个人应当予以配合。
Article 34: Public  security organs and state security organs collecting data as necessary to  lawfully preserve national security or investigate crimes shall follow  relevant state provisions and complete strict approval formalities to do so, in  accordance with the law,and relevant organizations and individuals shall  cooperate.	Article 35: Public  security organs and state security organs collecting data as necessary to  lawfully preserve national security or investigate crimes shall follow  relevant state provisions and complete strict approval formalities to do so,  in accordance with the law, and relevant organizations and individuals shall  cooperate.
第三十五条 中华人民共和国境外的司法或者执法机构要求调取存储于中华人民共和国境内的数据的，非经中华人民共和国主管机关批准，不得提供；中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定有规定的，可以按照其规定执行。	第三十六条 中华人民共和国主管机关根据有关法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，或者按照平等互惠原则，处理外国司法或者执法机构关于提供数据的请求。非经中华人民共和国主管机关批准，境内的组织、个人不得向外国司法或者执法机构提供存储于中华人民共和国境内的数据。
Article 35: Where judicial or law enforcement  bodies outside the [mainland] territory of the PRC require access to data stored  within the [mainland] PRC, it must not be provided without the approval of  the competent PRC state organs; but where treaties or agreements concluded or  participated in by the PRC have relevant provisions, those provisions may be  implemented.	Article 36: The competent PRC state organs shall under the provisions of laws  and treaties or agreements concluded or participated in by the PRC, or under  the principle of equality and mutual benefits, handle the request of  providing data by foreign judicial or law enforcement agency. Without the  approval of the competent PRC state organs, organizations or individuals  within the [mainland] territory of the PRC shall not provide data within the  [mainland] PRC to foreign judicial or law enforcement agency.
第五章 政务数据安全与开放	第五章 政务数据安全与开放
Chapter  V: Government Affairs Data Security and Disclosure	Chapter  V: Government Affairs Data Security and Disclosure
第三十六条 国家大力推进电子政务建设，提高政务数据的科学性、准确性、时效性，提升运用数据服务经济社会发展的能力。	第三十七条 国家大力推进电子政务建设，提高政务数据的科学性、准确性、时效性，提升运用数据服务经济社会发展的能力。
Article 36: The  state is to vigorously advance the establishment of e-governance, increasing  the scientific nature, accuracy, and efficacy of government affairs data, and  increasing the use of data in service of economic and social development.	Article 37: The state is to vigorously advance the establishment of  e-governance, increasing the scientific nature, accuracy, and efficacy of  government affairs data, and increasing the use of data in service of economic  and social development.
第三十七条 国家机关为履行法定职责的需要收集、使用数据，应当在其履行法定职责的范围内依照法律、行政法规规定的条件和程序进行。	第三十八条 国家机关为履行法定职责的需要收集、使用数据，应当在其履行法定职责的范围内依照法律、行政法规规定的条件和程序进行；对在履行职责中知悉的个人隐私、个人信息、商业秘密、保密商务信息等数据应当依法予以保密，不得泄露或者非法向他人提供。
Article 37: State  organs' performance of legally-prescribed duties that require the collection  and use of data shall be within the scope of the legally-prescribed duties  and proceed in accordance with the requirements and procedures of laws and  administrative regulations.	Article 38: State organs' performance of legally-prescribed duties that  require the collection and use of data shall be within the scope of the  legally-prescribed duties and proceed in accordance with the requirements and  procedures of laws and administrative regulations; in the performance of duties to know personal privacy, personal  information, trade secrets, confidential business information and other data  shall be kept confidential in accordance with the law, and shall not be  disclosed or illegally provided to others.
第三十八条 国家机关应当依照法律、行政法规的规定，建立健全数据安全管理制度，落实数据安全保护责任，保障政务数据安全。	第三十九条 国家机关应当依照法律、行政法规的规定，建立健全数据安全管理制度，落实数据安全保护责任，保障政务数据安全。
Article 38: State  organs shall follow laws and administrative regulations to establish and  complete data security management systems and implement responsibility for  data security protections to ensure the security of government affairs data.	Article 39: State organs shall follow laws and administrative regulations to  establish and complete data security management systems and implement responsibility  for data security protections to ensure the security of government affairs  data.
第三十九条 国家机关委托他人建设、维护电子政务系统，存储、加工政务数据，或者向他人提供政务数据，应当经过严格的批准程序，并应当监督受托方、数据接收方履行相应的数据安全保护义务。	第四十条 国家机关委托他人建设、维护电子政务系统，存储、加工政务数据，应当经过严格的批准程序，并应当监督受托方履行相应的数据安全保护义务。受托方应当依照法律、法规的规定和合同约定履行数据安全保护义务，不得擅自留存、使用、泄露或者向他人提供政务数据。
Article 39: State organs  entrusting others to establish or maintain electronic government affairs  systems or to store or process government affairs data, or providing others with government  affairs data, shall go through strict approval  procedures and shall oversee the performance of data security protection  obligations by the entrusted parties or parties receiving the data.	Article 40: State organs entrusting others to establish or maintain  electronic government affairs systems or to store or process government  affairs data, shall go through strict approval procedures and shall oversee  the performance of corresponding data security protection obligations by the  entrusted parties. The entrusted party shall  perform data security protection obligations in accordance with the  provisions of laws and regulations and contractual agreements, and shall not  retain, use, disclose or provide government affairs data to others without  authorization.
第四十条 国家机关应当遵循公正、公平、便民的原则，按照规定及时、准确地公开政务数据。依法不予公开的除外。	第四十一条 国家机关应当遵循公正、公平、便民的原则，按照规定及时、准确地公开政务数据。依法不予公开的除外。
Article 40: State  organs shall follow the principles of justice, fairness, and convenience for  the people, to promptly and accurately disclose government affairs data as  provided. Except for that which is not to be disclosed in accordance  with law.	Article 41: State organs shall follow the principles of justice, fairness,  and convenience for the people, to promptly and accurately disclose  government affairs data as provided. Except for that which is not to be  disclosed in accordance with law.
第四十一条 国家制定政务数据开放目录，构建统一规范、互联互通、安全可控的政务数据开放平台，推动政务数据开放利用。	第四十二条 国家制定政务数据开放目录，构建统一规范、互联互通、安全可控的政务数据开放平台，推动政务数据开放利用。
Article 41: The  state is to draft a catalog of government affairs data to be disclosed, and  build a uniform, regulated, interconnected, secure, and controllable platform  for disclosure of government affairs data and promoting the use of disclosed  government affairs data.	Article 42: The state is to draft a catalog of government affairs data to be  disclosed, and build a uniform, regulated, interconnected, secure, and  controllable platform for disclosure of government affairs data and promoting  the use of disclosed government affairs data.
第四十二条 法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织为履行法定职责开展数据处理活动，适用本章规定。	第四十三条 法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织为履行法定职责开展数据处理活动，适用本章规定。
Article 42: The  provisions of this chapter apply to the carrying out of data handling  activities by organizations authorized by laws or regulations to have public  affairs management duties in order to perform their legally-prescribed  duties.	Article 43: The provisions of this chapter apply to the carrying out of data  handling activities by organizations authorized by laws or regulations to  have public affairs management duties in order to perform their  legally-prescribed duties.
第六章 法律责任	第六章 法律责任
Chapter VI:  Legal Responsibility	Chapter VI:  Legal Responsibility
第四十三条 有关主管部门在履行数据安全监管职责中，发现数据处理活动存在较大安全风险的，可以按照规定的权限和程序对有关组织和个人进行约谈。有关组织和个人应当按照要求采取措施，进行整改，消除隐患。	第四十四条 有关主管部门在履行数据安全监管职责中，发现数据处理活动存在较大安全风险的，可以按照规定的权限和程序对有关组织、个人进行约谈，并要求有关组织、个人采取措施进行整改，消除隐患。
Article 43: Where  relevant regulatory departments performing data security oversight and  management duties discover that data handling activities have larger security  risks, they may give the relevant organizations and individuals a talking to  in accordance with the authority and procedures provided. Relevant organizations and individuals  shall employ procedures, make corrections, and eliminate hidden dangers as  required.	Article 44: Where  relevant regulatory departments performing data security oversight and  management duties discover that data handling activities have larger security  risks, they may give the relevant organizations and individuals a talking and require to employ procedures, make corrections, and eliminate  hidden dangers in accordance with the authority and procedures provided.
第四十四条 开展数据处理活动的组织、个人不履行本法第二十六条、第二十八条、第二十九条、第三十条规定的数据安全保护义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；拒不改正或者造成大量数据泄露等严重后果的，处五十万元以上五百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款。	第四十五条 开展数据处理活动的组织、个人不履行本法第二十七条、第二十九条、第三十条规定的数据安全保护义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；拒不改正或者造成大量数据泄露等严重后果的，处五十万元以上二百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处五万元以上二十万元以下罚款。 违反国家核心数据管理制度，危害国家主权、安全和发展利益的，由有关主管部门处二百万元以上一千万元以下罚款，并根据情况责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 44: Where  organizations or individuals carrying out data handling activities do not  perform the data security protection obligations provided for in articles 26, 28, 29, and 30 of this Law, the relevant regulatory departments are to order  corrections and give warnings, and may give a concurrent fine of between  50,000 and 500,000 RMB, and may give directly responsible managers and other  directly responsible personnel a concurrent fine of between 10,000 and 50,000  RMB; where corrections are refused or a large data leak or other serious  consequences are caused, a fine of between 500,000 and 5,000,000 RMB is to be  given, and they may be ordered to stop relevant operations, suspend  operations for rectification, cancel relevant business permits or licenses,  and the directly responsible managers and other directly responsible  personnel are to be given a fine of between 50,000 and 500,000  RMB.	Article 45: Where  organizations or individuals carrying out data handling activities  do not perform the data security protection obligations provided for in  articles 27, 29 and 30 of this Law, the  relevant regulatory departments are to order corrections and give warnings,  and may give a concurrent fine of between 50,000 and 500,000 RMB, and may  give directly responsible managers and other directly responsible personnel a  concurrent fine of between 10,000 and 100,000 RMB; where  corrections are refused or a large data leak or other serious consequences  are caused, a fine of between 500,000 and 2,000,000  RMB is to be given, and they may be ordered to stop relevant  operations, suspend operations for rectification, cancel relevant business  permits or licenses, and the directly responsible managers and other directly  responsible personnel are to be given a fine of between 50,000 and 200,000 RMB. Where organizations or  individuals violate the core data management system of the state, damage the  sovereignty, security and development interest of the state, the relevant  regulatory departments may give a fine of between 2,000,000 and 10,000,000  RMB and may order ordered to stop relevant operations, suspend operations for  rectification, cancel relevant business permits or licenses; where a crime is  constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with law.
	第四十六条 违反本法第三十一条规定，向境外提供重要数据的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；情节严重的，处一百万元以上一千万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款。
	Article 46:Where article 31 of  this Law is violated by providing the important data to the overseas, the  relevant regulatory departments are to order corrections and give warnings,  and may give a concurrent fine of between 100,000 and 1,000,000  RMB, and may give directly responsible managers and other directly  responsible personnel a concurrent fine of between 10,000  and 100,000 RMB; under serious circumstances, a fine of between 1,000,000 and  10,000,000 RMB is to be given, and they may be ordered to stop relevant operations,  suspend operations for rectification, cancel relevant business permits or  licenses, and the directly responsible managers and other directly  responsible personnel are to be given a fine of between 100,000 and 1,000,000  RMB.
第四十五条 从事数据交易中介服务的机构未履行本法第三十二条规定的义务，导致非法来源数据交易的，由有关主管部门责令改正，没收违法所得，处违法所得一倍以上十倍以下罚款，没有违法所得或者违法所得不足十万元的，处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。	第四十七条 从事数据交易中介服务的机构未履行本法第三十三条规定的义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，没收违法所得，处违法所得一倍以上十倍以下罚款，没有违法所得或者违法所得不足十万元的，处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。
Article 45: Where  establishments engaged in services as intermediaries in data transactions  fail to perform the obligations in article 32 of this Law, leading to transactions in data from  illegal sources, the relevant regulatory  departments are to order corrections, confiscation the unlawful gains, and  give a fine of between 1 and 10 times the value of the unlawful gains, or  where there are no unlawful gains or the unlawful gains are less than 100,000  RMB, a fine of between 100,000 and 1,000,000 RMB is to be given, and they may  be ordered to stop relevant operations, suspend operations for rectification,  or cancel related business permits or licenses; a fine of between 10,000 and  100,000 RMB is to be given to the directly responsible managers and other  directly responsible personnel.	Article 47: Where  establishments engaged in services as intermediaries in data transactions  fail to perform the obligations in article 33 of this Law, the relevant regulatory departments are to order  corrections, confiscation the unlawful gains, and give a fine of between 1  and 10 times the value of the unlawful gains, or where there are no unlawful  gains or the unlawful gains are less than 100,000 RMB, a fine of between  100,000 and 1,000,000 RMB is to be given, and they may be ordered to stop  relevant operations, suspend operations for rectification, or cancel related  business permits or licenses; a fine of between 10,000 and 100,000 RMB is to  be given to the directly responsible managers and other directly responsible  personnel.
第四十六条 违反本法第三十四条规定，拒不配合数据调取的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。违反本法第三十五条规定，未经主管机关批准向境外的司法或者执法机构提供数据的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处二万元以上二十万元以下罚款。	第四十八条 违反本法第三十五条规定，拒不配合数据调取的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。违反本法第三十六条规定，未经主管机关批准向外国司法或者执法机构提供数据的，由有关主管部门给予警告，可以并处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；造成严重后果的，处一百万元以上五百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款。
Article 46: Where article  34 of  this Law is violated by refusal to cooperate with the collection of data, the  relevant regulatory departments are to order corrections and give warnings， and may give a concurrent fine of between 50,000 and 500,000  RMB, and give directly responsible managers and other directly responsible  personnel a fine of between 10,000 and 100,000 RMB. Where article 35  of this Law is violated by providing data to an overseas judicial or  law-enforcement establishment without the approval or responsible organs, the  responsible authority is to order  corrections and give warnings, and may give a  concurrent fine of between 100,000 and 1,000,000 RMB, and may give directly  responsible managers and other directly responsible personnel a fine of  between 20,000 and 200,000 RMB.	Article 48: Where article 35of  this Law is violated by refusal to cooperate with  the collection of data, the relevant regulatory departments are to order  corrections and give warnings，and may give a  concurrent fine of between 50,000 and 500,000 RMB, and give directly  responsible managers and other directly responsible personnel a fine of between  10,000 and 100,000 RMB. Where article 36 of this Law is violated by  providing data to an overseas judicial or law-enforcement establishment  without the approval or responsible organs, the responsible authority is to  give warnings, and may give a concurrent fine of between 100,000 and  1,000,000 RMB, and may give directly responsible managers and other directly  responsible personnel a fine of between 10,000 and  100,000 RMB；if there is any  serious consequence, a fine of between 1,000,000 and 5,000,000 RMB  is to be given, and they may be ordered to stop relevant operations, suspend  operations for rectification, cancel relevant business permits or licenses,  and the directly responsible managers and other directly responsible  personnel are to be given a fine of between 50,000 and 500,000 RMB.
第四十七条 国家机关不履行本法规定的数据安全保护义务的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。	第四十九条 国家机关不履行本法规定的数据安全保护义务的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
Article 47: Where state  organs do not perform obligations to protect data security as provided for in  this Law, the directly responsible managers and other directly responsible  personnel are to be given sanctions in accordance with law.	Article 49: Where state  organs do not perform obligations to protect data security as provided for in  this Law, the directly responsible managers and other directly responsible  personnel are to be given sanctions in accordance with law.
第四十八条 履行数据安全监管职责的国家工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊，尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予处分。	第五十条 履行数据安全监管职责的国家工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊的，依法给予处分。
Article 48: Where state  personnel with duties for regulating data security derelict their duties,  abuse their authority or twist the law for personal gain, but it does not constitute a crime, they are to be sanctioned in accordance with law.	Article 50: Where state personnel  with duties for regulating data security derelict their duties, abuse their  authority or twist the law for personal gain, they are to be sanctioned in  accordance with law.
第四十九条 开展数据处理活动危害国家安全、公共利益，排除、限制竞争，或者损害个人、组织合法权益的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处罚。	第五十一条 窃取或者以其他非法方式获取数据，开展数据处理活动排除、限制竞争，或者损害个人、组织合法权益的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处罚。
Article 49: Where  the carrying out of data handling activities endangers national security or  the public interest, eliminates or restricts competition, or harms the lawful  rights and interests of persons or organizations, punishment is to be given  in accordance with laws and administrative regulations.	Article 51: Where the carrying out of data handling activities steal or obtain  data through other illegal methods，eliminates or restricts competition, or harms the lawful rights and interests of persons or  organizations, punishment is to be given in accordance with laws and  administrative regulations.
第五十条 违反本法规定，给他人造成损害的，依法承担民事责任。违反本法规定，构成违反治安管理处罚行为的，依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。	第五十二条 违反本法规定，给他人造成损害的，依法承担民事责任。违反本法规定，构成违反治安管理行为的，依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 50: Where  violations of the provisions of this law cause harm to others, civil  liability is borne in accordance with law. Where provisions of this Law are  violated, constituting a violation of public security management, public  security administrative sanctions are given in accordance with law; where a  crime is constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with  law.	Article 52: Where  violations of the provisions of this law cause harm to others, civil  liability is borne in accordance with law. Where provisions of this Law are  violated, constituting a violation of public security management, public  security administrative sanctions are given in accordance with law; where a  crime is constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with  law.
第七章 附则	第七章 附则
Chapter VII:  Supplementary Provisions	Chapter VII:  Supplementary Provisions
第五十一条 开展涉及国家秘密的数据处理活动，适用《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》等法律、行政法规的规定。开展涉及个人信息的数据处理活动，应当遵守个人信息保护法律、行政法规的规定。	第五十三条 开展涉及国家秘密的数据处理活动，适用《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》等法律、行政法规的规定。在统计、档案工作中开展数据处理活动，开展涉及个人信息的数据处理活动，还应当遵守有关法律、行政法规的规定。
Article 51: The  "P.R.C. Law on the Protection of State Secrets" and other relevant  laws and administrative regulations are to apply to carrying out data  handling activities involving state secrets. The carrying out of data  handling activities involving personal information shall comply with laws and  administrative regulations of protecting personal information.	Article 53: The  "P.R.C. Law on the Protection of State Secrets" and other relevant  laws and administrative regulations are to apply to carrying out data  handling activities involving state secrets. The carrying out of data handling activities in statistical work  and archives work, and those involving  personal information shall comply with laws and administrative regulations of  protecting personal information.
第五十二条 军事数据安全保护的办法，由中央军事委员会依据本法另行制定。	第五十四条 军事数据安全保护的办法，由中央军事委员会依据本法另行制定。
Article 52: Methods for  military data security protection are to be separately drafted by the Central  Military Commission on the basis of this Law.	Article 54: Methods for military data security protection are to be  separately drafted by the Central Military Commission on the basis of this  Law.
第五十三条 本法自 年 月 日起施行。	第五十五条 本法自2021年9月1日起施行。
Article 53: This Law  shall take effect on xx-xx-xxxx.	Article 55: This Law  shall take effect on September 1, 2021.

以下是《数据安全法》英译本全文 ：

Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China

Chapter I: General Provisions

Article 1: This Law isformulated so as to regulate the handling of data, ensure data security,promote the development and exploitation of data, protect the legitimate rightsand interests of citizens and organizations, and preserve state sovereignty,security, and development interests.

Article 2: This law applies todata handling activities and security regulation carried out within the[mainland] territory of the People’s Republic of China.

Data handling activities carried outoutside the [mainland] territory of the P.R.C. that harming the nationalsecurity of the P.R.C., the public interest, or the lawful rights and interestsof citizens and organizations, are to be pursued for legal responsibility inaccordance with law.

Article 3: "Data" asused in this Law refers to any record of information in electronic or otherforms.

Data handling includes the collection,storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, etc., of data.

Data security refers to employingnecessary measures to ensure that data is effectively protected and legallyused, as well as having the capacity to ensure a sustained state of security.

Article 4: The preservation ofdata security shall adhere to the overall national security perspective,establish and complete data security governance systems, andimprove data secureguarantee ability..

Article 5: The central leadinggroup on national security is responsible for major decision making and overallcoordination on national data security, research, draft, and guidance on theimplementation of a national data security strategy and major directives andpolicies,coordination of major matters and important work of national data security,and establishment of a national data security work coordination mechanism.

Article 6: Each region anddepartment bears responsibility for that region or department's efforts on datacollection and production, as well as data security.

Regulatory departments such as forindustry, telecommunications, communications, finance, natural resources,health, education, science and technology are to undertake data securityregulatory duties in the corresponding sector.Publicsecurity organs, state security organs, and so forth are to undertake datasecurity regulation duties within the scope of their duties in accordance withthe provisions of this Law, relevant laws, and administrative regulations.TheState internet information departments are to take responsibility for theoverall coordination of online data security and relevant regulatory efforts inaccordance with this Law, relevant laws, and administrative regulations.

Article 7: The State is toprotect the rights and interests of individuals and organizations with regardsto data; encourage the lawful, reasonable, and effective use of data; ensurethe lawful and orderly free flow of data; and promote the development of adigital economy with data as a key factor.

Article 8: The carrying out ofdata handling activities shall obey laws and regulations, respect social moresand ethics, comply with commercial ethics and professional ethics, be honestand trustworthy, perform obligations to protect data security, and undertakesocial responsibility; it must not endanger national security, the publicinterest, or individuals' and organizations' lawful rights and interests.

Article 9: The state istosupport the dissemination of data security knowledge, raising the awarenessand level of data security protection of the whole society, pushing relevantdepartments, industry organizations, enterprises, and individuals to jointlyparticipate in efforts to protect data security, and forming a positiveenvironment for the entire society to jointly preserve data security andpromote development.

Article 10: Inaccordance with their charters and the law, relevant industry organizations areto draft specifications and group standards for data security activities,strengthen industry self-discipline, guide members to strengthen data securityprotections, increase the level of data security protections, and promote thehealthy development of the industry.

Article 11: Thestate is to actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in thesectors of data security governance and data development and use, participatein the formulation of international rules and standards related to datasecurity, and promote the safe and free flow of data across borders.

Article 12: Everyindividual and organization has the right to make complaints or reports aboutviolations of this law to the relevant authorities.Departmentsreceiving complaints or reports shall handle them promptly  in accordance with law.

The relevant authorities shall keeprelevant information of complaints, whistleblowers to be confidential, andprotect the legitimate rights and interests of complaints, whistleblowers.

Chapter II: Data Security andDevelopment

Article 13: Thestate is to make overall plans for development and security, persisting in onusingthe development and use of data and industry development to promote datasecurity, and using data security to ensure the development and use of data andindustry development.

Article 14: Thestate is to implement a big data strategy, advancing the establishment of datainfrastructure, and encouraging and supporting innovative applications of datain each industry and field.

People's governments at the provincelevel or higher shall include the development of the digital economy in thepeople's economic and social development plans for that level, and draftdevelopment plans for the digital economy as needed.

Article 15: The state istosupport the development and use of data to enhance the intelligence of publicservices. The provision of intelligent public services shall take full accountof the needs of the elderly and the disabled, and avoid creating obstacles totheir daily lives.

Article 16: Thestate is to support research into data use and development and data securitytechniques, encourage the spread and commercial innovation in areas such as theuse and development of data and data security, to foster and develop the useand development of data, data security products, and industrial systems.

Article 17: Thestate is to advance the establishment of a system of standards for datadevelopment and exploitation technologies and data security.Withinthe scope of their respective duties, the State Council departments in chargeof standardization and other relevant State Council departments are to organizethe formulation and appropriate revision of standards related to technology andproducts for the development and use of data and to data security. Thestate is to support enterprises and social groups, educational or researchbodies, and so forth, participating in drafting standards.

Article 18: Thestate is to promote the development of services such as data security testing,appraisals, and certification, and support professional institutions to carryout data security testing, appraisals, and certification service activities.

The state is to support collaborationamong relevant departments, industry organizations, enterprises, educationaland scientific research institutions, and relevant professional institutions indata security risk assessment, prevention, and disposal.

Article 19: Thestate is to establish and complete systems for data transactions andmanagement, regulating data transaction conduct, and fostering the datatransaction market.

Article 20: TheState is to support education, research institutions, enterprises, and soforth, in carrying out education and training related to data use anddevelopment and data security, employing diverse methods to cultivateprofessional data use and development and data security talent, and promote talent exchanges.

Chapter III: Data Security Systems

Article 21: Thestate is to establish a categorical and hierarchical system for data protectionand carry out categorized and graded data protections based on the importanceof the data in economic and social development as well as the extent of harm tonational security, the public interest, or the lawful rights and interests ofcitizens or organizations that would be caused once the data is altered,destroyed, leaked, or illegally obtained or used. The national data securitycoordination mechanism coordinates the relevant departments to determine acatalog of important data and strengthen protections of the important data.Datarelated to national security, the lifeblood of the national economy, importantpeople's livelihood, major public interests and others belong to the nationalcore data, shall apply to a more stringent management system.

Each region and department shalldetermine the catalog of important data within that region and department andcorresponding industries and sectors on the basis of thecategorical and hierarchical protectionsystem, and conduct key protection for data entered in the catalog.

Article 22: Thestate is to establish a uniform, highly effective, and authoritative datasecurity risk assessment, reporting, information sharing, monitoring, and earlywarning system.The national data security coordination mechanism coordinatesthe relevant departments to strengthen the acquisition, analyses, assessment,and early warnings for information on data security risks.

Article 23: Thestate is to establish data security emergency response mechanisms.Relevantregulatory departments shall initiate emergency response plans in accordancewith law when data security incidents occur, employing the correspondingemergency response and handling measures to prevent the harm from increasingand eliminate security risks, and promptly issue relevant alerts to the public.

Article 24: Thestate is to establish systems for data security reviews and conduct nationalsecurity reviews of data handling activities that impact or might impactnational security. Security review decisions made in accordance with laware final decisions.

Article 25: Thestate is to implement export controls in accordance with law for data that arecontrolled items related to preserving national security and performinginternational obligations.

Article 26: Whereany nation or region employs discriminatory, restrictive, or other similarmeasures against the PRC in areas such as investment or trade in data andtechnology for the exploitation and development of data, the P.R.C. may employequal measures against that nation or region based on the actual circumstances.

Chapter IV: Data Security ProtectionObligations

Article 27: Thecarrying out of data handling activities shall be in accordance with laws andregulations, establishing and completing data security management systems forthe entire process, organizing and carrying out education andtrainingon datasecurity, and employing corresponding technical measures and other necessarymeasures to safeguard data security. The carrying out of data handlingactivities through information networks, i.e., the Internet, shall fulfill theduties to protect data security on the basis of the multi-level protectionsystem for cybersecurity.

Those processing important data shallclearly designate persons responsible for data security and data securitymanagement bodies to implement responsibilities for data security protection.

Article 28: Thecarrying out of data handling activities as well as research into newtechnology for developing data shall be conducive to promoting economicdevelopment, improving the well-being of the people, and complying with socialmores and ethics.

Article 29: Thecarrying out of data handling activities shall strengthen risk monitoring, andwhen data security flaws, vulnerabilities, or other risks are discovered,remedial measures shall be immediately employed; and when data securityincidents occur, methods for addressing them shall be immediately employed,users are to be promptly notified as provided, and reports are to be made tothe relevant regulatory departments.

Article 30: Thosehandling important data shall follow periodically carry out risk assessments oftheir data handling activities as provided, and send risk assessment reports tothe relevant regulatory departments. Risk assessment reports shall includethe types and amounts of important data being handled; the circumstances of thedata handling activities; the data risks faced, methods for addressing them,and so forth.

Article 31: Theprovisions of the Cybersecurity Law of the P.R.C. apply to the securitymanagement for exporting of data from the [mainland] territory that wascollected or produced by critical information infrastructure operators insidethe [mainland] territory of the PRC; security management measures for theexport of important data from the mainland territory that was collected orproduced by other data handlers within the [mainland] territory of the PRC areto be drafted by the State internet information department in conjunction withthe relevant departments of the State Council.

Article 32: Anyorganization or individual collecting data shall employ lawful and appropriatemethods and must not steal or obtain data through other illegalmethods. Where laws and administrative regulations have provisions on thepurpose or scope of data collection and use, data is to be collected or usedwithin the purpose and scope provided for in those laws and administrativeregulations.

Article 33: Wheninstitutions engaged in data transaction intermediary services provideservices, they shall require the party providing data to explain the sources ofthe data, verify the identities of both parties tothetranscation, and store arecord of the review and transaction.

Article 34: Wherelaws and administrative regulations provide that administrative license shallbe acquired for the provision of services related to data handling, serviceprovides shall obtain administrative license in accordance with law.

Article 35: Publicsecurity organs and state security organs collecting data as necessary tolawfully preserve national security or investigate crimes shall follow relevantstate provisions and complete strict approval formalities to do so, inaccordance with the law, and relevant organizations and individuals shallcooperate.

Article 36: Thecompetent PRC state organs shall under the provisions of laws and treaties oragreements concluded or participated in by the PRC, or under the principle ofequality and mutual benefits, handle the request of providing data by foreignjudicial or law enforcement agency. Without the approval of the competent PRCstate organs, organizations or individuals within the [mainland] territory of thePRC shall not provide data within the [mainland] PRC to foreign judicial or lawenforcement agency.

Chapter V: Government Affairs Data Security and Disclosure

Article 37: Thestate is to vigorously advance the establishment of e-governance, increasingthe scientific nature, accuracy, and efficacy of government affairs data, andincreasing the use of data in service of economic and social development.

Article 38: Stateorgans' performance of legally-prescribed duties that require the collectionand use of data shall be within the scope of the legally-prescribed duties andproceed in accordance with the requirements and procedures of laws andadministrative regulations; in the performance of duties to know personalprivacy, personal information, trade secrets, confidential business informationand other data shall be kept confidential in accordance with the law, and shallnot be disclosed or illegally provided to others..

Article 39: Stateorgans shall follow laws and administrative regulations to establish andcomplete data security management systems and implement responsibility for datasecurity protections to ensure the security of government affairs data.

Article 40: State organsentrusting others to establish or maintain electronic government affairs systemsor to store or process government affairs data, shall go through strictapproval procedures and shall oversee the performance of corresponding datasecurity protection obligations by the entrusted parties. The entrusted partyshall perform data security protection obligations in accordance with theprovisions of laws and regulations and contractual agreements, and shall notretain, use, disclose or provide government affairs data to others withoutauthorization.

Article 41: Stateorgans shall follow the principles of justice, fairness, and convenience forthe people, to promptly and accurately disclose government affairs data asprovided. Except for that which is not to be disclosed in accordance withlaw.

Article 42: Thestate is to draft a catalog of government affairs data to be disclosed, andbuild a uniform, regulated, interconnected, secure, and controllable platformfor disclosure of government affairs data and promoting the use of disclosedgovernment affairs data.

Article 43: Theprovisions of this chapter apply to the carrying out of data handlingactivities by organizations authorized by laws or regulations to have publicaffairs management duties in order to perform their legally-prescribed duties.

Chapter VI: Legal Responsibility

Article 44: Whererelevant regulatory departments performing data security oversight andmanagement duties discover that data handling activities have larger securityrisks, they may give the relevant organizations and individuals a talking andrequire to employ procedures, make corrections, and eliminate hidden dangers inaccordance with the authority and procedures provided.

Article 45: Where organizations orindividuals carrying out data handling activities do not perform the datasecurity protection obligations provided for in articles 27, 29 and 30 of thisLaw, the relevant regulatory departments are to order corrections and givewarnings, and may give a concurrent fine of between 50,000 and 500,000 RMB, andmay give directly responsible managers and other directly responsible personnela concurrent fine of between 10,000 and 100,000 RMB; where corrections arerefused or a large data leak or other serious consequences are caused, a fineof between 500,000 and 2,000,000 RMB is to be given, and they may be ordered tostop relevant operations, suspend operations for rectification, cancel relevantbusiness permits or licenses, and the directly responsible managers and otherdirectly responsible personnel are to be given a fine of between 50,000 and200,000 RMB.

Where organizations or individuals violate the core datamanagement system of the state, damage the sovereignty, security anddevelopment interest of the state, the relevant regulatory departments may givea fine of between 2,000,000 and 10,000,000 RMB and may order ordered to stoprelevant operations, suspend operations for rectification, cancel relevantbusiness permits or licenses; where a crime is constituted, criminalresponsibility is pursued in accordance with law.

Article 46：Where article 31 of this Law is violated by providing theimportant data to the overseas, the relevant regulatory departments are toorder corrections and give warnings, and may give a concurrent fine of between100,000 and 1,000,000 RMB, and may give directly responsible managers and otherdirectly responsible personnel a concurrent fine of between 10,000 and 100,000RMB; under serious circumstances, a fine of between 1,000,000 and 10,000,000RMB is to be given, and they may be ordered to stop relevant operations,suspend operations for rectification, cancel relevant business permits orlicenses, and the directly responsible managers and other directly responsiblepersonnel are to be given a fine of between 100,000 and 1,000,000 RMB.

Article 47: Where establishments engaged in services as intermediariesin data transactions fail to perform the obligations in article 33 of this Law,the relevant regulatory departments are to order corrections, confiscation theunlawful gains, and give a fine of between 1 and 10 times the value of theunlawful gains, or where there are no unlawful gains or the unlawful gains areless than 100,000 RMB, a fine of between 100,000 and 1,000,000 RMB is to begiven, and they may be ordered to stop relevant operations, suspend operationsfor rectification, or cancel related business permits or licenses; a fine ofbetween 10,000 and 100,000 RMB is to be given to the directly responsiblemanagers and other directly responsible personnel.

Article 48: Where article 35 of this Law is violated by refusal tocooperate with the collection of data, the relevant regulatory departments areto order corrections and give warnings，andmay give a concurrent fine of between 50,000 and 500,000 RMB, and give directlyresponsible managers and other directly responsible personnel a fine of between10,000 and 100,000 RMB.

Where article 36 of this Law is violated by providing data to anoverseas judicial or law-enforcement establishment without the approval orresponsible organs, the responsible authority is to give warnings, and may givea concurrent fine of between 100,000 and 1,000,000 RMB, and may give directlyresponsible managers and other directly responsible personnel a fine of between10,000 and 100,000 RMB；if there is any seriousconsequence, a fine of between 1,000,000 and 5,000,000 RMB is to be given, andthey may be ordered to stop relevant operations, suspend operations forrectification, cancel relevant business permits or licenses, and the directlyresponsible managers and other directly responsible personnel are to be given afine of between 50,000 and 500,000 RMB.

Article 49: Where state organs do not perform obligations to protectdata security as provided for in this Law, the directly responsible managersand other directly responsible personnel are to be given sanctions in accordancewith law.

Article 50: Where state personnel with duties for regulating datasecurity derelict their duties, abuse their authority or twist the law forpersonal gain, they are to be sanctioned in accordance with law.

Article 51: Where the carrying out of data handling activities steal or obtaindata through other illegal methods，eliminatesor restricts competition, or harms the lawful rights and interests of personsor organizations, punishment is to be given in accordance with laws andadministrative regulations.

Article 52: Where violations of the provisions of this law cause harm toothers, civil liability is borne in accordance with law.

Where provisions of this Law areviolated, constituting a violation of public security management, public securityadministrative sanctions are given in accordance with law; where a crime isconstituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with law.

Chapter VII: Supplementary Provisions

Article 53: The "P.R.C. Lawon the Protection of State Secrets" and other relevant laws andadministrative regulations are to apply to carrying out data handlingactivities involving state secrets. The carrying out of data handlingactivities in statistical work and archives work, and those involving personalinformation shall comply with laws and administrative regulations of protectingpersonal information.

Article 54: Methods for militarydata security protection are to be separately drafted by the Central MilitaryCommission on the basis of this Law.

Article 55: This Law shall takeeffect on September 1, 2021.

来源：DataLaws