8 显示有用户名和帐户的状态
select username,account_status from dba_users;
9 将SCOTT帐号解锁(加锁)
alter user scott account unlock(lock);
10 以SCOTT的身份连接并且查看所属表
connect scott/tiger
select * from tab;
11 查看EMP的表结构及记录内容
desc emp
select empno,ename from emp;
12 以OS的身份登看SGA,共享池,CACHE的信息
connect / as sysdba
show sga
select name,value/1024/1024 from v$sga;
show parameter shared_pool_size
select value/1024/1024 from v$parameter where name ='shared_pool_size';
show parameter db_cache_size
select value/1024/1024 from v$parameter where name ='db_cache_size';
13 查看所有含有SIZE的信息
show parameter size
bitmap_merge_area_size integer 1048576
create_bitmap_area_size integer 8388608
db_16k_cache_size big integer 0
db_2k_cache_size big integer 0
db_32k_cache_size big integer 0
db_4k_cache_size big integer 0
db_8k_cache_size big integer 0
db_block_size integer 4096
db_cache_size big integer 33554432
db_keep_cache_size big integer 0
db_recycle_cache_size big integer 0
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------------
global_context_pool_size string
hash_area_size integer 1048576
java_max_sessionspace_size integer 0
java_pool_size big integer 33554432
large_pool_size big integer 8388608
max_dump_file_size string UNLIMITED
object_cache_max_size_percent integer 10
object_cache_optimal_size integer 102400
olap_page_pool_size integer 33554432
oracle_trace_collection_size integer 5242880
parallel_execution_message_size integer 2148
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------------
sga_max_size big integer 143727516
shared_pool_reserved_size big integer 2516582
shared_pool_size big integer 50331648
sort_area_retained_size integer 0
sort_area_size integer 524288
workarea_size_policy string AUTO
14 显示SGA的信息
select * from v$sgastat;
POOL NAME BYTES
----------- -------------------------- ----------
fixed_sga 453532
buffer_cache 33554432
log_buffer 656384
shared pool subheap 46884
shared pool KGK heap 3756
shared pool KQR M PO 586792
shared pool KQR S PO 180232
shared pool KQR S SO 5128
shared pool sessions 410720
shared pool sql area 2144664
shared pool 1M buffer 2098176
POOL NAME BYTES
----------- -------------------------- ----------
shared pool KGLS heap 901756
shared pool parameters 8352
shared pool free memory 38687204
shared pool PL/SQL DIANA 420816
shared pool FileOpenBlock 695504
shared pool PL/SQL MPCODE 135692
shared pool library cache 2985576
shared pool miscellaneous 4889396
shared pool MTTR advisory 21164
shared pool PLS non-lib hp 2068
shared pool XDB Schema Cac 4966300
POOL NAME BYTES
----------- -------------------------- ----------
shared pool joxs heap init 4220
shared pool kgl simulator 563260
shared pool sim memory hea 44184
shared pool table definiti 1728
shared pool trigger defini 1896
shared pool trigger inform 1140
shared pool trigger source 448
shared pool type object de 69120
shared pool Checkpoint queue 282304
shared pool VIRTUAL CIRCUITS 265160
shared pool dictionary cache 1610880
POOL NAME BYTES
----------- -------------------------- ----------
shared pool KSXR receive buffers 1033000
shared pool character set object 323724
shared pool FileIdentificatonBlock 323292
shared pool message pool freequeue 834752
shared pool KSXR pending messages que 841036
shared pool event statistics per sess 1718360
shared pool fixed allocation callback 180
large pool free memory 8388608
java pool free memory 33554432
已选择42行。
15 显示PGA的信息
select * from v$pgastat;
NAME VALUE UNIT
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
aggregate PGA target parameter 16777216 bytes
aggregate PGA auto target 7640064 bytes
global memory bound 838656 bytes
total PGA inuse 8293376 bytes
total PGA allocated 13106176 bytes
maximum PGA allocated 22090752 bytes
total freeable PGA memory 0 bytes
PGA memory freed back to OS 0 bytes
total PGA used for auto workareas 0 bytes
maximum PGA used for auto workareas 4096 bytes
total PGA used for manual workareas 0 bytes
NAME VALUE UNIT
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
maximum PGA used for manual workareas 4096 bytes
over allocation count 0
bytes processed 8783872 bytes
extra bytes read/written 0 bytes
cache hit percentage 100 percent
已选择16行。
17 在$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql中加入环境变量,以后每次启动生效
define _editor=vi
set line 2000
18 将当前命令随加到文件中
save c:a.sql append
19 将指定文件的命读出缓冲区
get c:a.sql
20 执行脚本语句
@ c:a.sql
21 将输入保存到指定文件中
spool c:O.LOG
select * from v$sga;
spool off
29 启动Oracle Web Server
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin
$ ./startJServ.sh
/database/oracle/product/9i/Apache/Apache/bin/apachectl start: httpd started
30 关闭Oracle Web Server
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin
$ ./stopJServ.sh
/database/oracle/product/9i/Apache/Apache/bin/apachectl stop: httpd stopped
31 启动Oracle Web Server后默认的端口号是7777
unix
cd $ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin/
htpasswd $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/iplusdba.pw admin
windows
cd Dracleora92ApacheApachebin
htpasswd Dracleora92/sqlplus/admin/iplusdba.pw admin
New password: *****
Re-type new password: *****
Adding password for user admin
33 指定用户的表空间
SELECT DEFAULT_TABLESPACE FROM DBA_USERS WHERE USERNAME='用户名'
34 当前用户
select user from dual;show user
35 当前用户的缺省表空间
SELECT DEFAULT_TABLESPACE FROM DBA_USERS WHERE USERNAME=(select user from dual);
37 显示正在使用的初始化参数文件
show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string %ORACLE_HOME%DATABASESPFILE%
ORACLE_SID%.ORA
38 用SPfile转Pfile
create pfile='c:init.ora' from spfile;
create pfile from spfile;
UNIX将生成在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下
WINDOWS将生成在$ORACLE_HOME/DATABASE目录下
39 显示cache的值
show parameter cache
前面两个下划线的是动态调整的参数
前面一个下划线的是内部参数
40 显示正在使用的参数和文本参数值
select * from v$parameter;
select * from v$spparameter;
41 显示动态性能视图的结构
desc v$parameter;
名称
NUM
NAME
TYPE
VALUE
ISDEFAULT
ISSES_MODIFIABLE
ISSYS_MODIFIABLE
ISMODIFIED
ISADJUSTED
DESCRIPTION
UPDATE_COMMENT
42 有条件的显示动态参数
select * from v$parameter where name like '%db_cache%';
43 修改参数语句
alter system set sga_max_size=256m scope=spfile; &&写入SPFILE,重启生效
alter system set sga_max_size=256m scope=memory; &&写入内存区,立即生效
alter system set sga_max_size=256m scope=both; &&即写入内存区,又写入SPFILE,默认为BOTH.
44 动态调整large_pool_size的语句
alter system set large_pool_size=16M;
45 当前正在使用的SGA的大小
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024 from v$sgastat;
46 设置db_cache_size的大小保存在SPFILE
alter system set db_cache_size=128m scope=spfile;
47 设置shared_pool_size的大小保存在SPFILE中
alter system set shared_pool_size=80m scope=spfile;
48 显示PGA的状态
select * from v$pgastat;
show parameter pga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
pga_aggregate_target big integer 16777216
50 显示当前数据库的状态,mount的状态下就可以查看数据库的状态
select open_mode from v$database;
51 显示当前实例 nomount状态下就可以查看实例
select * from v$instance;
52 显示 background_dump_dest的路径 ,
show parameter background_dump_dest
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
background_dump_dest string Dracleadminthwerpbdump
53 显示当有用户的表
select * from user_tables;
54 显示当有用户可以访问表
select * from all_tables;
55 显示用户为SCOTT的表
select * from dba_tables where owner='SCOTT';
56 显示所有用户信息
select * from dba_users;
57 建立用户并指定密码
create user edpthw identified by edpthw;
58 给用户授权
grant connect,resource to edpthw;
59 建立一个表
create table a(a int);
60 显示数据字典中表名为USER开头的表名
select table_name from dict where table_name like 'USER%';
61 在UNIX下oerr ora 错误号查看错误的帮助信息.
62 在unix 查看日志中有哪些错误
grep ORA alert_PROD.log|tail -10
63 显示当前实例
SELECT * FROM V$INSTANCE;
64 显示当前数据库信息
SELECT * FROM V$DATABASE;
65 显示当前ORACLR资料的版本
SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;
66 显示当前的选项
SELECT * FROM V$OPTION;
67 显示当前实例的初始化参数
SELECT * FROM V$PARAMETER;
68 显示数据文件
SELECT * FROM V$DATAFILE;
69 显示日志文件
SELECT * FROM V$LOGFILE
70 显示控制文件
SELECT * FROM V$CONTROLFILE;
71 显示当有有哪些会话
SELECT * FROM V$SESSION;
72 显示当前有哪些进程
SELECT * FROM V$PROCESS;
73 显示当前后台进程
SELECT * FROM V$BGPROCESS;
74 显示SGA的大小
SELECT * FROM V$SGA;
75 显示SGA的统计数
SELECT * FROM V$SGASTAT;
76 显示PGA的统计数
SELECT * FROM V$PGASTAT;
77 显示有哪些控制文件
SHOW PARAMETER CONTROL_FILES;
78 增加一个控制文件一定要在NOMOUNT状态下进行.语句如下.
alter system set control_files='D:ORADATAMYDBCONTROL01.CTL',
'D:ORADATAMYDBCONTROL02.CTL',
'D:ORADATAMYDBCONTROL03.CTL',
'E:CONTROL04.CTL' SCOPE=SPFILE;
alter system set control_files='DracleoradatathwerpCONTROL01.CTL',
'DracleoradatathwerpCONTROL02.CTL',
'DracleoradatathwerpCONTROL03.CTL',
'DracleoradatathwerpCONTROL04.CTL' scope=spfile;
79 数据重新启动
STARTUP FORCE
80 显示当前控制文件
SELECT * FROM V$CONTROLFILE;
SHOW PARAMETER CONTROL
81 删除一个控制文件
alter system set control_files='D:ORADATAMYDBCONTROL01.CTL',
'D:ORADATAMYDBCONTROL02.CTL',
'D:ORADATAMYDBCONTROL03.CTL' SCOPE=SPFILE
82 显示当前使用的日志
SELECT * FROM V$LOG;
83 显示实例的归档模式
ARCHIVE LOG LIST;
84 显示重做日志文件
SELECT * FROM V$LOGFILE;
85 手工切换重做日志文件
ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;
86 发出检查点
ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT;
87 显示重做日期的历史记录
select * from v$log_history;
88 更改会语的日期格式
alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
89 增加日志组
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE GROUP 4 ( 'D:ORADATAMYDBredo4.log') SIZE 10240K;
92 删除日志组
ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 4 ;
90 增加日志组成员
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER 'D:ORADATAMYDBredo11.log' TO GROUP 1;
91 删除日志组成员
ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE MEMBER 'D:ORADATAMYDBredo14.log' ;
92 显示系统表空间
select * from dba_tablespaces;
93 显示系统表空间所拥有的文件
select * from dba_data_files;
94 显示系统临时表空间
select * from dba_temp_files;
95 显示表空间的已被使用多少
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 m
from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name;
96 显示表空间还有多少没有使用
select tablespace_name,
sum(bytes)/1024/1024 m
from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
97 创建表空间
10G CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE "MYTBS1" DATAFILE 'D:ORADATAMYDBmytbs_01.dbf' SIZE 100M LOGGING EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO ;
9I CREATE TABLESPACE "MYTBS1" DATAFILE 'DracleORADATAthwerpmytbs_01.dbf' SIZE 100M LOGGING EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO ;
CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE "MYTBS1" DATAFILE 'D:ORADATAMYDBmytbs_01.dbf' SIZE 100M , 'D:ORADATAMYDBmytbs02.dbf' SIZE 100M LOGGING EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
98 在指字表空间里建表
create table t1 (a int) tablespace mytbs1;
99 在指字表空间里建索引
create index t1_ind on t1(a) tablespace mytbs1;
100 在指定表空间里增加数据文件
ALTER TABLESPACE "MYTBS1" ADD DATAFILE 'D:ORADATAMYDBmytbs03.dbf' SIZE 100M
100 修改表空间的大小
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'D:ORADATAMYDBMYTBS_01.DBF' RESIZE 200M
101 表空间改文件的自动扩展
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'D:ORADATAMYDBMYTBS03.DBF' AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
102 删除表空间和表空间所属文件
drop tablespace mytbs1 including contents and datafiles;
103 建立临时表空间
CREATE SMALLFILE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "MYTEMP" TEMPFILE 'DracleORADATAthwerpmytemp01.dbf' SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "MYTEMP" TEMPFILE 'DracleORADATAthwerpmytemp01.dbf' SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M
104 更改用户的临时表空间
ALTER USER "GARY" TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "MYTEMP"
105 设置成默认的表空间
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "MYTEMP"
106 创建临时表空间组
ALTER TABLESPACE MYTEMP TABLESPACE GROUP MYTEMP_GROUP
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP TABLESPACE GROUP MYTEMP_GROUP
110 更改重做表空间
alter system set undo_tablespace=myundo;
111 建立一个表
create table a tablespace users as select * from dba_objects;
112 插入一些记录
insert into a select * from a;
113 有条件查询表名放在哪个表空间
select * from dba_tables where table_name='A' and owner='SYS';
114 有条件查询段名放在哪个表空间
select * from dba_segments where segment_name='A' and owner='SYS';
115 查询有哪些段类型
select distinct segment_type from dba_segments;
116 查询段和表空间的对应关系
select * from dba_extents where segment_name='A' and owner='SYS';
117 建立一个16K表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE "MYTBS3" DATAFILE 'D:oracleORADATAthwerpmytbs3.dbf' SIZE 100M LOGGING EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO BLOCKSIZE 16384;
118 指字参数建立表
create table b (a int,b varchar2(10)) tablespace users INITRANS 2 PCTFREE 5;
119 显示当前所使用的块大小
show parameter block_size;
120 释放表的高水位的空间
alter table a deallocate unused;
121 高水位前移.速度快
truncate table a;
122 分配空间给表
alter table a allocate extent (datafile 'D:ORADATAMYDBusers01.dbf' size 1m);
123 指定参数建立表
create table C (a int) tablespace system pctfree 10 pctused 60 storage(freelists 2);
CREATE TABLE "SYS"."D" ( "A" VARCHAR2(10)) TABLESPACE "SYSTEM" PCTFREE 5 PCTUSED 60 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 100 STORAGE ( FREELISTS 2)
124 生成一个测试表
create table a tablespace users as select * from dba_objects;
125 查看表行的物理地址
select rowid form a;
126 用包的命令查看表行的物理地址
select DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID),DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID),DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_ROW_NUMBER(ROWID) FROM A
127 建立表索引
CREATE INDEX A_IND ON A(OBJECT_NAME) TABLESPACE MYTBS2;
128 查看表的索引
SELECt * FROM DBA_INDEXES WHERE TABLE_NAME='A';
SELECT * FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_NAME='A_IND';
129 移动重组表空间
ALTER TABLE A MOVE TABLESPACE USERS;
130 重建表索引
ALTER INDEX A_IND REBUILD;
131 设置行可以内部移动属性
ALTER TABLE A ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT;
132 在原地进行行的移动
ALTER TABLE A SHRINK SPACE;
133 查看表所存储的信息
SELECT BYTES FORM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_NAME='A';
SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME,BYTES FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_NAME='A';
134 截取表
TRUNCATE TABLE A;
135 删除表
DROP TABLE A CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
136 显示垃圾桶(10G才有)
show recyclebin
SELECT * FROM DBA_RECYCLEBIN;
SELECT * FROM USER_RECYCLEBIN;
137 恢复已删除的表
flashback table a to before drop;
138 恢复较早已前的已删除的表
flashback table "BIN$hWrBq1irS0COp10n22NZJg==$0" to before drop rename to a1;
139 查询指定表的索引
select * from dba_indexs where table_name='A';
140 清除垃圾桶
PURGE RECYCLEBIN;
PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN;
141 删除表并清除垃圾桶(10G)
DROP TABLE A PURGE;
142 删除表的列
ALTER TABLE A DROP COLUMN COMMENTS CASCAGE CONSTRAINTES CHECKPOINT 1000;
143 重命名列
ALTER TABLE A RENAME COLUMN HIRE_DATE TO START_DATE;
144 标记不可使用的列
ALTER TABLE A SET UNUSED COLUMN COMMENTS CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
145 删除不再使用的的列
ALTER TABLE A DROP UNUSED COLUMNS CHECKPOINT 10000;
146 继续列的删除操作
ALTER TABLE A DROP COLUMNS CONTINUE CHECKPOINT 10000;
147 增加表的主索引
ALTER TABLE A ADD PRIMARY KEY (OBJECT_ID);
148 删除表的主索引
ALTER TABLE A DROP PRIMARY KEY;
149 索引表的主索引并指定索引所使用的表空间
ALTER TABLE A ADD PRIMARY KEY (OBJECT_ID) USING INDEX TABLESPACE USERS;
150 建立一个普通索引
CREATE INDEX A_NAME_IND ON A(OWNER,OBJECT_NAME);
151 建立一个函数索引
SELECT /*+ INDEX(A A_NAME2_IND) */ * FROM A WHERE UPPER(OBJECT_NAME)='A';
152 建立一个位图索引
CREATE BITMAP INDEX A_NAME_BT ON A(OWNER);
153 查询数据库的信息
SELECT /*+ INDEX(A A_NAME_BT) */ * FROM A WHERE OWNER='SYS' OR OWNER='SYSTEM';
SELECT /*+ FULL(A) */ * FROM A WHERE OWNER='SYS' OR OWNER='SYSTEM';
154 生成一个脚本来建立索引重整
SELECT 'ALTER INDEX '||INDEX_NAME||' COALESCE;' FROM DBA_INDEXES WHERE TABLE_NAME='A' AND OWNER='SYS'
SELECT 'ALTER INDEX '||INDEX_NAME||' REBUILD ONLINE;' FROM DBA_INDEXES WHERE TABLE_NAME='A' AND OWNER='SYS'
155 显示所有用户的信息
SELECT * FROM DBA_USERS;
156 显示当前数据库的用户
SELECT USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE,TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE FROM DBA_USERS;
160 建立一个新用户
create user edpthw identified by "123456"
default tablespace users
temporary tablespace temp
quota unlimited on users
quota 10m on mytbs2;
161 查询限额信息
select * from dba_ts_quotas;
select * from user_ts_quotas;
162 用户改密码
alter user edpthw identified by edpthw;
163 锁用户
alter user edpthw account lock;
164 使密码过期,迫使改下一次进入改密码
alter user edpthw password expire;
165 取消限额
alter user edpthw quota unlimited on mytbs2;
166 删除用户
drop user hmtong cascade;
167 授权用户
grant create session,create table,create view to edpthw;
168 分别授权
GRANT CREATE ANY TABLE TO "hmtong"
GRANT CREATE TABLE TO "hmtong"
GRANT DROP ANY TABLE TO "hmtong"
GRANT SELECT ANY TABLE TO "hmtong"
169 折消授权
REVOKE UNLIMITED TABLESPACE FROM "hmtong"
170 对象授权
GRANT SELECT ON "hmtong"."A" TO "edpthw"
171 折消对象授权
REVOKE SELECT ON "hmtong"."A" FROM "edpthw"
173 查询Pwfile中存放的用户信息
select * from v$pwfile_users;
174 授权sysdba给指定用户
grant sysdba to hmtong;
175 取消指定用户的sysdba权限
revoke sysdba from hmtong;
176 修改系统的授权的属性
alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive; 能sysdba登录,能授权
alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=shared scope=spfile; 只能sysdba登录,不能授权
alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=NONE; 取消
177 重建口令文件
orapwd file=PWDmydb.ora password=itpub
178 创建一个用户
create user hmtong identified by abcdefg;
179 授权连接给指定用户
GRANT "CONNECT" TO "hmtong";
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE,CONNECT,RESOURCE TO HMTONG;